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The independent trade union 'Solidarity' (Solidarność) was founded under the leadership of Lech Wałęsa at the Gdańsk Shipyard, marking the rise of mass opposition to communist rule.

General Wojciech Jaruzelski imposed martial law to suppress the growing Solidarity movement, leading to arrests, censorship, and curfews across Poland.

Martial law was formally lifted, but political repression continued. Lech Wałęsa received the Nobel Peace Prize for leading the peaceful resistance movement.

Negotiations between the communist government and Solidarity led to semi-free elections, resulting in a decisive opposition victory and the end of communist rule.

Lech Wałęsa won Poland's first free presidential election, symbolizing the country's full transition toward democracy.

Poland adopted a democratic constitution that defined a parliamentary republic and enshrined civil rights and separation of powers.

Poland became a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, solidifying its alignment with Western Europe and the United States.

Poland officially joined the European Union, marking a major milestone in its post-communist transformation and integration with Europe.

A plane carrying President Lech Kaczyński and many top officials crashed near Smolensk, Russia, killing all 96 aboard and deeply impacting Polish politics.

The conservative Law and Justice (PiS) party won parliamentary and presidential elections, leading to controversial judicial and media reforms.

President Andrzej Duda was re-elected amid polarization, while large protests erupted over abortion restrictions and democratic backsliding.

The opposition coalition led by Donald Tusk defeated the ruling PiS party, signaling a potential shift back toward pro-EU and liberal democratic policies.